Two new eating disorders (picky eating and an obsession with healthy eating) have been discovered. Click on the link below to read more
http://health.yahoo.net/experts/dayinhealth/new-eating-disorders-are-they-real
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Tuesday, April 26, 2011
Monday, April 25, 2011
Even Celebrities Struggle With Body Image issues and Mental Illness
Demi Lovato recently came out to fans and the public that she has bipolar disorder. After recovering from years of self harm and an eating disorder, Demi is now trying to set an example for young girls. She has also teamed up with Seventeen Magazine for their Love is Louder Than The Pressure To Be Perfect campaign. See the link below for more info:
http://buzzworthy.mtv.com/2011/04/14/demi-lovato-seventeen-love-is-louder-eating-disorder/
http://buzzworthy.mtv.com/2011/04/14/demi-lovato-seventeen-love-is-louder-eating-disorder/
Saturday, April 16, 2011
How to take Feedback
Yes, it can hurt sometimes to get negative feedback. Here is an article to help learn how to get and give feedback constructively.
An excerpt:
An excerpt:
The 8 Rules of effective Feedback
- Always lead with questions: How do you think you're doing? It gives the recipient joint ownership of the problem and helps him feel included, not excluded.
- Never give criticism unless it's been invited; unsolicited negative feedback only provokes annoyance and will be discounted.
- Make sure you are seen as having the authority to give corrective feedback. Criticism from those perceived as peers or unqualified to give it incites resistance and rebellion.
- Distinguish whether a demand for change reflects your needs or is a valid critique of how someone is doing something. Know when "You're too demanding" really means "I wish I felt more accepted."
- Never give feedback when you're angry; anger alienates the listener. Expressing disappointment is more productive.
- Know who you're talking to. Narcissists take any criticism as a personal attack; the insecure lose all self-esteem.
- Know yourself, too. If you're relatively insensitive to criticism, curb the tendency to be heavy-handed when delivering it, says Cacioppo, who counts himself among the less sensitive.
- Expect defensiveness as a first response to criticism; a change in performance may come later.
Thursday, April 14, 2011
Longterm Effects of Bullying
New evidence shows that victims of bullying in childhood can have PTSD as adults
Tuesday, April 12, 2011
Psychology of Disappointment
Psychology
Disappointment is a subjective response related to the anticipated rewards.[1] The psychological results of disappointment vary greatly among individuals; while some recover quickly, others mire in frustration or blame or become depressed.[2] A 2003 study of young children with parental background of childhood onset depression found that there may be a genetic predisposition to slow recovery following disappointment.[7] While not every person responds to disappointment by becoming depressed, depression can (in the self psychology school of psychoanalytic theory) almost always be seen as secondary to disappointment/frustration.[8]
Disappointment, and an inability to prepare for it, has also been hypothesized as the source of occasional immune system compromise in optimists.[9] While optimists by and large exhibit better health,[10] they may alternatively exhibit less immunity when under prolonged or uncontrollable stress, a phenomenon which researchers have attributed to the "disappointment effect".[9] The "disappointment effect" posits that optimists do not utilize "emotional cushioning" to prepare for disappointment and hence are less able to deal with it when they experience it.[10][11] This disappointment effect has been challenged since the mid-1990s by researcher Suzanne C. Segerstrom, who has published, alone and in accord, several articles evaluating its plausibility. Her findings suggest that, rather than being unable to deal with disappointment, optimists are more likely to actively tackle their problems and experience some immunity compromise as a result.[12]
In 1994, psychotherapist Ian Craib published the book The Importance of Disappointment, in which he drew on the works of Melanie Klein and Sigmund Freud in advancing the theory that disappointment-avoidant cultures—particularly therapy culture—provides false expectations of perfection in life and prevents people from achieving a healthy self-identity.[13] Craib offered as two examples litigious victims of medical mistakes, who once would have accepted accidents as a course of life, and people suffering grief following the death of a loved one who, he said, are provided a false stage model of recovery that is more designed to comfort bereavement therapists than the bereaved.[14] In a 2004 article, the journal Psychology Today recommended handling disappointment through concrete steps including accepting that setbacks are normal, setting realistic goals, planning subsequent moves, thinking about positive role models, seeking support and tackling tasks by stages rather than focusing on the big picture.[2]
Disappointed individuals focus on "upward counterfactuals"—alternative outcomes that would have been better than the one actually experienced—to the point that even positive outcomes may result in disappointment.[18] One example, supplied by Bell, concerns a lottery win of $10,000.00, an event which will theoretically be perceived more positively if that amount represents the highest possible win in the lottery than if it represents the lowest.[19] Decision analysts operate on the assumption that individuals will anticipate the potential for disappointment and make decisions that are less likely to lead to the experience of this feeling.[15] Disappointment aversion has been posited as one explanation for the Allais paradox, a problematic response in expected utility theory wherein people prove more likely to choose a sure reward than to risk a higher one while at the same time being willing to attempt a greater reward with lower probability when both options include some risk.[20]
While earlier developers of disappointment theory focused on anticipated outcomes, more recent examinations by Philippe Delquié and Alessandra Cillo of INSEAD have focused on the impact of later disappointment resulting when an actual outcome comes to be regarded negatively based on further development; for example, if a person receives higher than expected gains in the stock market, she may be elated until she discovers a week later that she could have gained much more profit if she had waited a few more days to sell.[15] This experience of disappointment may influence subsequent behavior, and, the analysts state, an incorporation of such variables into disappointment theory may enhance the study of behavioral finance.[15] Disappointment is, along with regret, measured by direct questioning of respondents.[21]
Disappointment is a subjective response related to the anticipated rewards.[1] The psychological results of disappointment vary greatly among individuals; while some recover quickly, others mire in frustration or blame or become depressed.[2] A 2003 study of young children with parental background of childhood onset depression found that there may be a genetic predisposition to slow recovery following disappointment.[7] While not every person responds to disappointment by becoming depressed, depression can (in the self psychology school of psychoanalytic theory) almost always be seen as secondary to disappointment/frustration.[8]
Disappointment, and an inability to prepare for it, has also been hypothesized as the source of occasional immune system compromise in optimists.[9] While optimists by and large exhibit better health,[10] they may alternatively exhibit less immunity when under prolonged or uncontrollable stress, a phenomenon which researchers have attributed to the "disappointment effect".[9] The "disappointment effect" posits that optimists do not utilize "emotional cushioning" to prepare for disappointment and hence are less able to deal with it when they experience it.[10][11] This disappointment effect has been challenged since the mid-1990s by researcher Suzanne C. Segerstrom, who has published, alone and in accord, several articles evaluating its plausibility. Her findings suggest that, rather than being unable to deal with disappointment, optimists are more likely to actively tackle their problems and experience some immunity compromise as a result.[12]
In 1994, psychotherapist Ian Craib published the book The Importance of Disappointment, in which he drew on the works of Melanie Klein and Sigmund Freud in advancing the theory that disappointment-avoidant cultures—particularly therapy culture—provides false expectations of perfection in life and prevents people from achieving a healthy self-identity.[13] Craib offered as two examples litigious victims of medical mistakes, who once would have accepted accidents as a course of life, and people suffering grief following the death of a loved one who, he said, are provided a false stage model of recovery that is more designed to comfort bereavement therapists than the bereaved.[14] In a 2004 article, the journal Psychology Today recommended handling disappointment through concrete steps including accepting that setbacks are normal, setting realistic goals, planning subsequent moves, thinking about positive role models, seeking support and tackling tasks by stages rather than focusing on the big picture.[2]
[edit] Theory
Disappointment theory, pioneered in the mid-1980s by David E. Bell with further development by Graham Loomes and Robert Sugden,[15] revolves around the notion that people contemplating risks are disappointed when the outcome of the risk is not evaluated as positively as the expected outcome.[16] Disappointment theory has been utilized in examining such diverse decision-making processes as return migration, taxpayer compliance and customer willingness to pay.[17]Disappointed individuals focus on "upward counterfactuals"—alternative outcomes that would have been better than the one actually experienced—to the point that even positive outcomes may result in disappointment.[18] One example, supplied by Bell, concerns a lottery win of $10,000.00, an event which will theoretically be perceived more positively if that amount represents the highest possible win in the lottery than if it represents the lowest.[19] Decision analysts operate on the assumption that individuals will anticipate the potential for disappointment and make decisions that are less likely to lead to the experience of this feeling.[15] Disappointment aversion has been posited as one explanation for the Allais paradox, a problematic response in expected utility theory wherein people prove more likely to choose a sure reward than to risk a higher one while at the same time being willing to attempt a greater reward with lower probability when both options include some risk.[20]
While earlier developers of disappointment theory focused on anticipated outcomes, more recent examinations by Philippe Delquié and Alessandra Cillo of INSEAD have focused on the impact of later disappointment resulting when an actual outcome comes to be regarded negatively based on further development; for example, if a person receives higher than expected gains in the stock market, she may be elated until she discovers a week later that she could have gained much more profit if she had waited a few more days to sell.[15] This experience of disappointment may influence subsequent behavior, and, the analysts state, an incorporation of such variables into disappointment theory may enhance the study of behavioral finance.[15] Disappointment is, along with regret, measured by direct questioning of respondents.[21]
Sunday, April 10, 2011
Six Theories of Emotion
Ever wonder WHY we feel the way that we do sometimes. Here are 6 theories that may help explain:
1. Charles Darwin: Said emotion is a way of communication with other members of our species; also said we inherit much of our emotional expressions from animals where it functions as a form of communication, which benefits survival
2. James-Lange: Defined emotion as the conscious state of feeling. Says we aarrive at that conscious feeling state in an odd way. Believed that rather than feeling leading to action, action led to feeling. For example if we see something scary:
1. You see a bear
2. You run
3. You feel fear as you are running (get emotion from observing your body running)
3. John B. Watson: behaviorism, defined emotions as observable behavior
anger-- attack behavior, fear=running away, sadness=crying, happiness=smiling,
4. Autonomic Response Theory: Believed that brain waves showed different patterns of emotions; and idiosyncratic response: show emotional response with organ (skin turns color, blood pressure)
5. Neurological Changes: Says the limbic system is involved in emotions. This includes the hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus. THis is where they first started talking about lobotomies/psychosurgery
6. Schacter-Singer Cognitive Arousal Theory
Says we make a cognitive appraisal of the situation and then label emotion accoringly. For example, being around other people who are angry makes you angry. This is why you shouldn't hang out with people who are negative/unhappy all the time!!
1. Charles Darwin: Said emotion is a way of communication with other members of our species; also said we inherit much of our emotional expressions from animals where it functions as a form of communication, which benefits survival
2. James-Lange: Defined emotion as the conscious state of feeling. Says we aarrive at that conscious feeling state in an odd way. Believed that rather than feeling leading to action, action led to feeling. For example if we see something scary:
1. You see a bear
2. You run
3. You feel fear as you are running (get emotion from observing your body running)
3. John B. Watson: behaviorism, defined emotions as observable behavior
anger-- attack behavior, fear=running away, sadness=crying, happiness=smiling,
4. Autonomic Response Theory: Believed that brain waves showed different patterns of emotions; and idiosyncratic response: show emotional response with organ (skin turns color, blood pressure)
5. Neurological Changes: Says the limbic system is involved in emotions. This includes the hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus. THis is where they first started talking about lobotomies/psychosurgery
6. Schacter-Singer Cognitive Arousal Theory
Says we make a cognitive appraisal of the situation and then label emotion accoringly. For example, being around other people who are angry makes you angry. This is why you shouldn't hang out with people who are negative/unhappy all the time!!
"Science of Sleep"
How come some people can get only a few hours of sleep a night and still get stuff done?? Check out this article/video!
Monday, April 4, 2011
Skittles taste the Rainbow
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/03/weekinreview/03harris.htm?_r=2&src=ISMR_AP_LO_MST_FB
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